Dershanemize Hoş Geldiniz…

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE
A. USE

The past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event heppened first.
Past Perfect, geçmişte gerçekleşen iki olaydan birinin öncekine kıyasla daha önce gerçekleştiğini ifade etmek için kullanılır.

I went to see the movie. We had discussed it in class. (After we disscussed the movie in the class, I went to see the movie.)
I wanted to live in a foreign country, so I applied for a job in Japan. Judy had lived in Japan, so I called her to find out more about the culture and lifestyle there. (Judy didn’ live in Japan any longer — she returned from there before I applied for the job.)

B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I
You
He
She had worked. It
We
They

Note: Use past participle of irregular verbs in both positive, negative structures and questions.

Negative Structure:
I
You
He hadn’t
She had not worked.
It
We
They

Question structure:

I
You
Had He
Hadn’t She worked?
It
We
They
THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
A. USE

1. We use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past. “For five minutes” and “for two weeks” are both durations which can be used with the Past Perfect Continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous; however, the duration does not continue until now.
Past Perfect Continuous geçmişte başlayıp, yine geçmişte belirli bir zamana kadar devam etmiş olan olayları ifade etmek için kullanılır. Olay geçmişte başlamıştır ve geçmişte başka bir olay gerçekleşmeden önce bitmiştir.

She had been suffering from cancer for ten years before she died.
James had been teaching English at the University for more than a year before he left for Asia.

Note: If you do not include a duration such as “for five minutes,” “for two weeks” or “since Friday”, many English speakers choose to use the Past Continuous. There is also a difference in meaning.

B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I
You
He
She had been working for two hours.
It
We
They

Negative Structure:

I
You
He
She hadn’t been working for two hours. It
We
They

Question structure:

I
You
Had He
Hadn’t She been working for two hours?
It
We
They
THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
A. USE

1. The Simple Future tense is used to express actions which will take place in the future.
Gelcek zaman bu tense ile ifade edilir.

I will go to school tomorrow.

2. The Simple Future is used to express an intention or decision made at the moment of speaking.
Konuşma anında yapılmasına karar verilen eylemleri ifade etmek için kullanılır.


It’s very hot in here. I’ll open the window.
I have a headache. I’ll take an aspirine.
3. The Simple Future can be used to make a prediction.
Beklentileri ifade ederken ve tahminde bulunurken Simple Future kullanılır.

I think it will be cool and rainy tomorrow.
I believe they will turn back in the evening.

B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure: I
You
He
She will work.
It
We
They

Negative Structure:

I
You
He
She will not work.
It won’t
We
They

Question structure:

I
You
Will He
Won’t She work?
It
We
They

THE SIMPLE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
A. USE

1. The Future Continuous is used to indicate that a longer action in the future will be interrupted. The interruption is usually an action in the Simple Future. This can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.
Future Continuous, gelecekte belirli bir zamanda devam edecek olayları ifade etmek için kullanılır.

I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.
I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives.
He will be studying at the library tonight, so he will not see Jennifer when she arrives.

2. The Simple Future is used with the expression “at this time”.
Bu tense’de kullanılan, diğer zamanlardan farklı bir özellik de “at this time” ın kullanılmasıdır.

We will be doing homework at this time tomorrow.
I will be travelling to Paris at this time next week.


B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I
You
He
She will be working.
It
We
They

Negative Structure:

I
You
He
She will not be working.
It won’t be
We
They

Question structure:

I
You
Will He
Won’t She be working? It
We
They
THE FUTURE “BE GOING TO”
A. USE

1. The Future Going to is used to talk about a future intention when a decision has already been made and also used to talk about future predictions when there is evidence that something is going to happen.

Be Going To’nun “going” ile hiç bir alakası yoktur ve her zaman “be” ile kullanılır. Yapılması önceden planlanmış eylemleri “Be Going To” ile ifade edebiliriz. Ayrıca gelecekte olması kesin bir durumu ifade ederken yine “Be Going To” kullanılır. Ancak, gelecekle ilgili bir durumu tahmin ediyorsak veya tahminde bulunuyorsak, Will veya Be Going To her ikisi de kullanılabilir.
I feel terrible. I think I’m going to faint.
They’re going to meet us in the cafe after the lesson

Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain.
According to the weather report, it will / is going to be rainy tomorrow.
We are going to meet each other tonight at 6:00 PM. (Plan)
He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii. (Plan)

The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year. (Prediction)
A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight. (An example for passives)

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