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THE SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE - ŞİMDİKİ ZAMANIN HİKAYESİ

A. USE

1. The Past Continuous is used to express continuous actions occurring in the past.
Past Continuous geçmişte zamanın belirli bir anında devam etmekte olan eylemleri ve olayları ifade etmek için kullanılır.

I was watching TV at home last night.
They were playing football yesterday afternoon.

2. The Past Continuous tense is frequently used to refer to an ongoing action which was taking place when something else occurred in the past.
Geçmişte devam etmekte olan bir olay esnasında başka bir eylem gerçekleşirse ve bu olaylar “when” ile kurulmuşsa simple past ve past continuous tense birlikte ifade edilir.

My father was watching TV when I arrived at home.
He was reading book while she was washing the dishes.

B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I was
You were
He was
She was working.
It was
We were
They were

Negative Structure:

I
You
He wasn’t
She was not working.
It
We
They

Question structure:

I
You
Was He
Wasn’t She working?
It
We
They

THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
A. USE

1. The Present Perfect tense is used to express actions which have just or already been completed at the time of speaking or writing.

Present Perfect, geçmişte konuşma anına yakın bir zamanda bitmiş ve etkisi hala devam eden eylem veya olaylardan bahsedirken kullanılır.

I have done my homework already.
She has answered half the questions.

In the first example, the use of the Present Perfect tense emphasizes the fact that, at the time of speaking or writing, the work has already been completed. In the second example, the use of the Present Perfect indicates that, at the time of speaking or writing, half the questions have been answered.
Birinci örnekte, “ödevin çoktan tamamlandığı” vurgulanmakta; ikinci örnekte ise konuşma anında “kişinin soruların yarısını cevapladığı” ve “kalan soruları da cevaplayacağı” ima ediliyor. Geçmişte başlayan bir olayın veya etkilerinin hala devam etmesi halinde Present Perfect kullanılır.

2. The Present Perfect tense epresses the very recent past.
Yakın geçmişten bahsederken Present Perfect kullanılır.

They’ve just left.
I’ve just come!

3. It also tells of a state or situation which has started in the past and is continuing up to now.
Geçmişte başlamış ve hala devam etmekte olan olayları ifade etmek için Present Perfect kullanılır. Bu anlamı ifade eden cümlelerde “for, since, so far, until now, lately, recently, already, just, yet” gibi zaman zarfları kullanılabilir.

I have lived in New York for seven years. (I am still living there.)
I have studied English Language Teaching since 2002. (I am still studying ELT.)


B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I have
You have
He has
She has worked.
It has
We have
They have

Note: In Present Perfect tense, if the main verb is irregular, its 3rd form should be used.
(Present perfect tense’in olumlu, olumsuz ve soru cümlelerinde, düzensiz fiillerin 3. hali kullanılır.)

Negative Structure:

I haven’t
You haven’t He hasn’t
She hasn’t worked.
It hasn’t
We haven’t
They haven’t

Question structure:

Have I
Have You
Has He
Has She worked?
Has It
Have We
Have They

THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
A. USE

1. The Present Perfect Continuous tense is used to express continuous, ongoing actions which started in the past and are still going on:
Present Perfect Continuous, geçmişte belirli bir zamanda başlamış olan ve konuşma sırasında da devam eden eylemleri anlatmak için kullanılır. “For, since, ever since, all day, all week, all year” gibi zaman zarfları bu anlamdaki cümlelerde sıkça kullanılır.

I have been waiting for her since seven o’clock. (and I’m still waiting for her.)
We have been running for 15 minutes! Let’s have a rest here.
B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I have
You have
He has
She has been working for two hours.
It has
We have
They have

Negative Structure:

I haven’t
You haven’t
He hasn’t
She hasn’t been working for two hours.
It hasn’t
We haven’t
They haven’t

Question structure:

Have I
Have You
Has He
Has She been working for two hours?
Has It
Have We
Have They

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